The problem of personal IDENTITY among others may stem from the following question—what does be the person that you are, from one day to the next, necessarily consist of? The diachronic problem of personal IDENTITY raises question on the necessary and sufficient conditions for the IDENTITY of the person over time. The synchronic problem is grounded in the question of what features or traits characterize a given person at one time. To answer these questions, John Locke discarded the soul and the body as necessary and sufficient substances for personal IDENTITY over time. He accepted consciousness as the only criterion for personal IDENTITY; the only thing capable of remaining the same and preserving personal IDENTITY through change. Though Locke’s argument is somewhat clear and coherent but what remains vague and incoherent is embedded in the question—what exactly is consciousness? How and why should it be the basis or criterion for the determination of personal IDENTITY? Using the method of critical analysis, I argue that Locke’s choice of consciousness as the determinant of personal IDENTITY, though quite novel, is incoherent and vague. Secondly, Locke had already presumed and anticipated clearly though fallaciously the very thing he wishes to substantiate. I therefore conclude that Locke’s argument is just another way of trying to escape but inadvertently prolonging the difficulty of apparently articulating a distinction between the psychological approach and physiological approach to the problem of personal IDENTITY. However, in my submission, I propose the concept of the “other” as alternative approach— a sort of an extrinsic-intrinsic approach to the problem of personal IDENTITY.

This study aimed to evaluate the psychometric PROPERTIES of the Moral IDENTITY Scale, and questionnaires on moral sensitivity and moral image. They were administered on 291 students (165 girls and 117 boys) of the Islamic Azad University, Roudehen branch. To do exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis with different samples, the data were divided into two groups with 141 students in each group. Principal component analysis, using data related to one of the sample groups, confirmed two-factor structure of moral IDENTITY (symbolization and internalization). The results of confirmatory factor analysis supported the above factor structure. The coefficients of correlation between the moral image questionnaire, moral sensitivity, and moral IDENTITY scales indicated the concurrent validity of the scale. Cronbach's alpha for the symbolization and internalization were 0.82 and 0.86 respectively. The results of the present study, in sum, identified the Moral IDENTITY Scale as an ideal psychometric tool to measure moral IDENTITY of Islamic Azad University, Roudehen branch students.

The current research was conducted with the aim of the effect of attachment style on emotion regulation with the mediating role of IDENTITY style. The research method was descriptive and structural equation analysis. The statistical population of the research was all second year high school students of Kashan city in the academic year of 1400-1401, of which 500 people were selected by random cluster method. Data were collected based on three questionnaires: Gross & Jan (2003) Emotional Regulation Inventory, IDENTITY Style Scale (6G-ISI) and Collins and Reid (1990) Attachment Style Questionnaire. The data are obtained by structural equation modeling and using Laserl 8.8 and 26 spss software. analyzed. Based on the results, secure attachment style at a significance level of 0.01, avoidant attachment style at a significance level of 0.05, and ambivalent attachment style at a significance level of 0.01 directly predicted emotion regulation. Among the three attachments, secure attachment style predicted emotion regulation at a significant level of 0.01, with the mediation of IDENTITY styles. Informational IDENTITY style at a significance level of 0.01, confused IDENTITY style at a significance level of 0.05 directly predicted emotion regulation. Among the three attachments, only the secure attachment style at a significance level of 0.01 had a significant role in predicting the normative IDENTITY style. According to the results of this study, emotion regulation is one of the most important constructs of educational psychology and an important factor in determining mental health and successful performance. It is in education that the factors affecting emotion regulation and its antecedents should be identified. Planning for training and holding educational workshops in this field in schools is suggested for students.

Digital literacy competencies play a pivotal role in teachers' professional development. However, the absence of effective instrument for measuring teacher digital learning has hampered researches in this area. The aim of this study was to investigate the psychometric PROPERTIES of Zimmer, McTigue and Matsuda (2021) Digital Learning IDENTITY Questionnaire. The research method was survey. The statistical population of the study was all school teachers in Mashhad who were teaching in the academic year 1399-1400. Using the available sampling method and based on Cochran's formula, the sample size was 420 people. The questionnaire was distributed and completed electronically after translation and validation by experts. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to determine the validity of the structure and internal consistency method (Cronbach's alpha) was used for reliability. The results of confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the fit of the model and the structure of the internal relations of the items. Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the digital learning IDENTITY questionnaire was 0.97 and for self-regulated learning (0.86), Knowledge Resources (0.91), Attitude (0.91), efficacy (0.91), knowledge achievement (0.91) and challenge (0.90) were obtained. Conclusion: Teachers' digital learning IDENTITY questionnaire has acceptable psychometric PROPERTIES and can be used as a valid instrument in research.

Sluggish Cognitive Tempo is used to describe a particular type of attention deficit, concentration, and slowness in information processing. The aim of this study was to investigate the psychometric PROPERTIES of the Sluggish Cognitive Tempo Scale (SCTS) of the parent form among Iranian children. The present study is a descriptive study. A sample of 1700 people was selected from the provinces of Tehran, East Azerbaijan, West Azerbaijan, Kurdistan, Fars and Khorasan using cluster sampling method. 122 subjects were excluded from statistical analysis due to incomplete answers to the questionnaires and thus the final sample was reduced to 1578 parents. The confirmatory factor analysis method and internal consistency were used to compute the Sluggish Cognitive Tempo Scale factorial validity and reliability, respectively. Also, in order to examine the construct validity of the Sluggish Cognitive Tempo Scale, we computed correlations between different dimensions of Sluggish Cognitive Tempo Scale with Attention Deficit Subscale of Mental Health Assessment Questionnaire for Children and Adolescents. The results of statistical results showed that this scale has structural validity, criterion and convergence in Iranian society. The results indicate that the scale is three factors and also the validity of the scale using Cronbach's alpha method and retest test after Approved two weeks. According to the findings of the present study, the parent form of the Sluggish Cognitive Tempo Scale (SCTS) has a good validity and reliability and it can be used in research related to slow cognitive multiplication in Iranian society.

One of the factors that can be the link between our intentions and actions and their external consequences is human agency, which indicates the conscious design and intentional execution of actions by the individual in order to influence future events.Objective and Method: This research with a developmental approach of psychometric method and method 1, examines the psychometric indices of the Human Factor Characteristics Scale using the classical theory of test score measurement and the graduated question-answer theory. The purpose of this study, which included high school students in Tehran, was selected by cluster sampling of 500 people as a sample size and statistical analysis was performed on 481 data. To collect the data, the ion Human Agent Characteristics Scale (2011) was used and the research questions were evaluated using IRTPRO and SPSS software.Results:The assumption of local independence based on Pearson x2 index was established by applying Simjima's calibrated question-answer theory and the assumption of being one-dimensional based on the analysis of multidimensional question-answer theory. Diagnosis parameters with question-answer approach and classical approach Test score Both item 25 approach had the lowest and item 2 had the highest diagnosis parameter. The answer thresholds for all the questions were so far apart that no option was covered by the other option, and the options were independently selected by individuals at intervals of theta. The total scale was calculated with Cronbach's alpha of 0.945, intentionality of 0.894, foresight of 0.780, self-reactivity of 0.871 and rethinking of 0.762. Also, the role of each item in internal consistency was investigated by the loop method, which all questions had a favorable role in internal consistency of this scale. The value of the validity coefficient obtained from the question-answer theory was obtained by marginal method for intentionality 0.92, forethought 0.85, self-reaction 0.91, rethinking 0.83..

One of the important issues in the production of concrete is environmental variability that affects the concrete and elements constructed from this material. Due to the importance of different characteristics of concrete in short- and long-term conditions, this article aims to investigate the influence of initial temperature conditions of self-compacting concrete on its long-term characteristics and determine the initial optimal temperature of concrete. For these purposes, several experiments under three temperature conditions of 5, 20, and 40 degree-of-Celsius were conducted to evaluate the rheology and mechanical PROPERTIES of fresh concrete in the range of 7 and 28 days. In these experiments, alternative mineral admixtures of cement such as micro-silica, fly ash, and zeolite were used to build the concrete specimens. Results demonstrate that the mechanical PROPERTIES of the specimens increase with increasing initial temperature in the short term, while such PROPERTIES significantly decrease in the long term compared to the specimens constructed under lower initial temperature. Moreover, the fluidity of self-compacting concrete increases with increasing initial temperature.

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate the validity, reliability and factor structure of the "How I Think" questionnaire to assess cognitive distortions in Iranian students. The present research design is descriptive and psychometric studies. The statistical population of this study included all male high school students in city Dezful in the academic year 1399-1400, from which 316 students were selected by multi-stage random sampling and completed the How I think and Bass and Perry Aggression Questionnaires (for Convergent validity). Factor analysis, Cronbach's alpha and Pearson correlation were used to analyze the data using SPSS and AMOS 20 software. The results of factor analysis showed that the questionnaire consists of six factors and has good fit indices. The convergent validity of this questionnaire indicated a satisfactory correlation between the dimensions of the scale "How I think" with the Aggression Questionnaire (p <0.01). Cronbach's alpha and Split- half coefficients for the whole scale and its dimensions ranged from 0.66 to 0.92.The conclusion is that the Persian version of the "How do I think" questionnaire for measuring cognitive distortions in Iranian students has acceptable psychometric PROPERTIES and can be used as a valid tool in research, educational and clinical situations.

We consider permanence of spectral PROPERTIES of Banach space operators asymptotically intertwined by the IDENTITY operator.

During recent decades, using valid and reliable questionnaires in the field of ego IDENTITY for research and individual assessment purposes has been addressed by psychologists. The aim of the present study was to investigate the validity and reliability of Extended Objective Measure of Ego IDENTITY Status-2 (EOM-EIS-2) in high school students in Tehran.234 students were selected randomly and the validity of the scales was studied on this Iranian sample in two ways: exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. The exploratory factor analysis was carried out on the 50 percent of the sample that were selected randomly from all of the students and the confirmatory factor analysis was done on the rest of other 50 percents. The finding showed the both “ideological” and “interpersonal” IDENTITY of EOM-EIS-2 questionnaire had a four factor structure, as follows: Foreclosure, IDENTITY achieved, moratorium and diffused IDENTITY. The convergent-divergent validity of the four IDENTITY statuses yielded significant correlations between the same IDENTITY statuses of ideological and interpersonal IDENTITY and the correlation ranged from.38 to.65. The internal consistency of the four scales of the two ego identities were.46 for IDENTITY moratorium and diffusion in ideological IDENTITY and for the rest of them correlations ranged from.53 to.76. It is concluded that the EOM-EIS-2 scales had acceptable validity and reliability in an Iranian sample.